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    <h2>Execution commands of <i>&micro;Csim</i></h2>
    
    <a name="run">
      <h3>r,run,go [start [stop]]</h3>
    </a>

    This command starts the execution of the simulated program.

    <p>Parameters are optional. First parameter specifies the start
      address for execution. By default, execution starts at the
      address specified by the PC's actual value. This can be
      overridden by the first parameter. </p>
    
    <p>If second parameter is specified, it places a dynamic
      breakpoint at the specified address, which stops the execution
      at that address. If a stop address is not given the simulator
      stops if it reaches a breakpoint that was previously set, or the
      CPU accepts an interrupt and <b>stopit</b> option is TRUE, or
      fatal error occurs or <a href="#stop">stop</a> command is used
      on an other console, or ENTER key is pressed on the console
      where the run command was issued. </p>
    
    <p>When program execution is started, the console
      becomes <i>frozen</i>; it is not possible to give commands on
      this console to the simulator while execution is running. If it
      is needed to control the simulator during program execution then
      more consoles can be used. See
      using <a href="mulcons.html">multiple consoles</a> for more
      information. Meanwhile, simulation can be stopped by pressing
      the ENTER key on the frozen console (where the run command was
      issued). </p>
    
    <p>Note that the first instruction is executed without the effect
      of breakpoints and simulation will be started afterwards. It
      means that if there is a breakpoint at start address then it
      will not be hit. See following example: </p>
    
    <pre>$ <font color="#118811">./ucsim_51</font>
ucsim 0.2.38-pre1, Copyright (C) 1997 Daniel Drotos, Talker Bt.
ucsim comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
&gt; <font color="#118811">b 0x10</font>
Breakpoint 1 at 0x000010: MOV   R7,A
&gt; <font color="#118811">b 0x20</font>
Breakpoint 2 at 0x000020: MOV   R7,A
&gt; <font color="#118811">run 0x10</font>
Warning: maybe not instruction at 0x000010
Simulation started, PC=0x000010
Stop at 0x000020: (104) Breakpoint
F 0x000020
&gt; 
    </pre>

    <hr>

    
    <a name="emulation">
      <h3>emulation</h3>
    </a>

    It starts simulation in so called "emulation" mode. In this mode
    &micro;Csim does not handle any user input, which means that all
    consoles will be frozen and inputs for UARTs will be skipped.

    <p>In emulation mode the simulation cannot be stopped by any user
    interaction. Breakpoints or the <a href="simif.html">simulator
    interface</a> must be used to stop the simulation.
      
      <hr>

      <a name="stop">
	<h3>stop</h3>
      </a>

      This command stops the simulation; it freezes the CPU and all
      the peripherals.
      
      <pre>$ <font color="#118811">ucsim_51 remoansi.hex</font>
ucsim 0.2.24, Copyright (C) 1997 Daniel Drotos, Talker Bt.
ucsim comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
58659 bytes read from remoansi.hex
&gt; <font color="#118811">go</font>
Simulation started
&gt; <font color="#118811">info reg</font>
000000 00 01 00 14 00 00 5a 47 ......ZG
000000 00 .  ACC= 0x47  71 G  B= 0x01   DPTR= 0x001c @DPTR= 0x47  71 G
000001 01 .  PSW= 0x00 CY=0 AC=0 OV=0 P=0
   006f02 90 00 1e MOV   DPTR,#001e
&gt; <font color="#118811">stop</font>
   006ac5 24 a5    ADD   A,#a5
&gt; 
      </pre>

      After using the stop command, the instruction pointed by PC is
      disassembled, see the <a href="#dis"><b>dis</b></a> command for
      description of disassembled form.

      <hr>

      <a name="step">
	<h3>s,step [steps]</h3>
      </a>

      The Step command. It executes one instruction without the effect
      of breakpoints.
      
      <p>The optional parameter can be used to specify the number of
	instructions to execute. Note that breakpoints will stop the
	execution after the first instruction. </p>
      
      <pre>$ <font color="#118811">ucsim_51 remoansi.hex</font>
ucsim 0.2.12, Copyright (C) 1997 Daniel Drotos, Talker Bt.
ucsim comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
58659 bytes read from remoansi.hex
&gt; <font color="#118811">s</font>
000000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ........
000000 00 .  ACC= 0x00   0 .  B= 0x00   DPTR= 0x0000 @DPTR= 0x00   0 .
000000 00 .  PSW= 0x00 CY=0 AC=0 OV=0 P=0
   000160 c2 90    CLR   P1.0
&gt; </pre>

      <p>After execution of the actual instruction pointed by PC (or
	all instructions specified by the optional parameter)
	the <b>step</b> command dumps out the register set.</p>
      
      <p>The number of steps can be specified in different units. If
	no unit is appended to step number then it will be interpreted
	as the number of instruction. Other know units are:</p>
      
      <dl>
	<dt>s, sec</dt>
	<dd>Simulated execution time in seconds.</dd>
	<dt>ms, msec</dt>
	<dd>Simulated execution time in milliseconds.</dd>
	<dt>us, usec</dt>
	<dd>Simulated execution time in microseconds.</dd>
	<dt>ns, nsec</dt>
	<dd>Simulated execution time in nanoseconds.</dd>
	<dt>vclk</dt>
	<dd>Number of virtual clock counts.</dd>
	<dt>fclk, fetch</dt>
	<dd>Number of fetches.</dd>
	<dt>rclk, read</dt>
	<dd>Number of memory read operations.</dd>
	<dt>wclk, write</dt>
	<dd>Number of memory write operations.</dd>
      </dl>
      
      <br>

      <hr>

      <a name="n">
	<h3>n,next</h3>
      </a>

      It executes until the next instruction is reached. This command
      is similar to the <a href="#s"><b>step</b></a> command described
      above but if the actual instruction to execute is a subroutine
      call the <b>next</b> command places a dynamic breakpoint after
      the call instruction and starts to execute the subroutine. If
      the subroutine is infinite, the breakpoint set by <b>next</b>
      will never be reached. This can be a dangerous situation because
      the execution started by the <b>next</b> command cannot be
      stopped interactively. But it can be stopped by other
      breakpoints.
      
      <pre>$ <font color="#118811">ucsim_51 remoansi.hex</font>
ucsim 0.2.12, Copyright (C) 1997 Daniel Drotos, Talker Bt.
ucsim comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
58659 bytes read from remoansi.hex
&gt; <font color="#118811">run 0 0x172</font>
   000172 79 04    MOV   R1,#04
&gt; <font color="#118811">dis 0x172 0 5</font>
   000170 7f 00    MOV   R7,#00
   000172 79 04    MOV   R1,#04
   000174 12 0d b8 LCALL 0db8
   000177 0f       INC   R7
   000178 d9 fa    DJNZ  R1,0174
   00017a 75 0b 00 MOV   0b,#00
&gt; <font color="#118811">n</font>
000000 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 ........
000000 00 .  ACC= 0x00   0 .  B= 0x00   DPTR= 0x0000 @DPTR= 0x00   0 .
000004 00 .  PSW= 0x00 CY=0 AC=0 OV=0 P=0
   000174 12 0d b8 LCALL 0db8
&gt; <font color="#118811">n</font>
000000 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 ........
000000 00 .  ACC= 0x00   0 .  B= 0x00   DPTR= 0x0167 @DPTR= 0x00   0 .
000004 00 .  PSW= 0x00 CY=0 AC=0 OV=0 P=0
   000177 0f       INC   R7
&gt; </pre>
      
      <hr> <a name="pc">
	<h3>pc [address]</h3>
      </a>

      Using this command without any parameter it simply dumps out the
      instruction pointed by the PC. Specify the address if you want
      to set the PC.

      <pre>$ ucsim_51
S51 0.1.5, Copyright (C) 1997 Daniel Drotos, Talker Bt.
S51 comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
&gt; <font color="#118811">pc</font>
 * 000000 ff       MOV   R7,A
&gt; <font color="#118811">pc 123</font>
 * 00007b ff       MOV   R7,A
&gt; <font color="#118811">sopt debug t </font> 
&gt; <font color="#118811">pc 32</font>
Warning: maybe not instruction at 000020
 * 000020 ff       MOV   R7,A
&gt; </pre>
      
      <hr>

      <h3><a name="history">history</a></h3>
      
      The History command can be used to inspect and manipulate
      the history of executed instructions. It accepts the following
      subcommands:
      
      <p><a href="#history_">history</a> <br>
	history <a href="#history_information">information</a> <br>
	history <a href="#history_list">list</a> <br>
	history <a href="#history_clear">clear</a> </p>
      <blockquote>
	
	<h4><a name="history_">history</a></h4>
	
	This command (without a subcommand) prints out the last 10
	elements of the command history in disassembled form.
	
	<pre>0&gt; <font color="#118811">hist</font>
 ? 0x0211 78          LD      A,B
 ? 0x0212 de 22       SBC     A,#0x22
 ? 0x0214 38 f7       JR      C,#-9
 ? 0x0216 c9          RET
 ? 0x0109 c3 04 02    JP      #0x0204
 ? 0x0204 3e 00       LD      A,#0x00
 ? 0x0206 cf          RST     8
 ? 0x0008 fb          EI
 ? 0x0009 ed 4d       RETI
 ? 0x0207 76          HALT
0&gt;
	</pre>
	
	<hr>
	
	<h4><a name="history_information">history information</a></h4>
	
	Print out information about execution history.
	
	<pre>0&gt; <font color="#118811">hist info</font>
len: 100
used: 100
insts: 100
0&gt;
	</pre>
	
	<b>Len</b> is the size of the history, <b>used</b> shows how
	many slots are filled, and <b>insts</b> is the number of the
	instructions recorded by the history.
	
	<hr>
	
	<h4><a name="history_list">history list [nr]</a>
	  <br>
	  history print [nr]</h4>
	  
	  This command is the same as
	  the <a href="#history_">history</a> command, but it accepts a
	  parameter that specifies how many records to print
	  (defaults to 10):
	  
	  <pre>0&gt; <font color="#118811">hist list 3</font>
 ? 0x0008 fb          EI
 ? 0x0009 ed 4d       RETI
 ? 0x0207 76          HALT
0&gt; <font color="#118811">hist list 30</font>
 ? 0x020e 79          LD      A,C
 ? 0x020f d6 33       sub     #0x33
 ? 0x0211 78          LD      A,B
 ? 0x0212 de 22       SBC     A,#0x22
 ? 0x0214 38 f7       JR      C,#-9
 ? 0x020d 03          INC     BC
 ? 0x020e 79          LD      A,C
 ? 0x020f d6 33       sub     #0x33
 ? 0x0211 78          LD      A,B
 ? 0x0212 de 22       SBC     A,#0x22
 ? 0x0214 38 f7       JR      C,#-9
 ? 0x020d 03          INC     BC
 ? 0x020e 79          LD      A,C
 ? 0x020f d6 33       sub     #0x33
 ? 0x0211 78          LD      A,B
 ? 0x0212 de 22       SBC     A,#0x22
 ? 0x0214 38 f7       JR      C,#-9
 ? 0x020d 03          INC     BC
 ? 0x020e 79          LD      A,C
 ? 0x020f d6 33       sub     #0x33
 ? 0x0211 78          LD      A,B
 ? 0x0212 de 22       SBC     A,#0x22
 ? 0x0214 38 f7       JR      C,#-9
 ? 0x0216 c9          RET
 ? 0x0109 c3 04 02    JP      #0x0204
 ? 0x0204 3e 00       LD      A,#0x00
 ? 0x0206 cf          RST     8
 ? 0x0008 fb          EI
 ? 0x0009 ed 4d       RETI
 ? 0x0207 76          HALT
0&gt;
	  </pre>
	  
	  <hr>
	  
	  <h4><a name="history_clear">history clear</a></h4>
	  
	  This command clears the history; it deletes all recorded
	  elements.
	  
	  <pre>0&gt; <font color="#118811">hist list 3</font>
 ? 0x0008 fb          EI
 ? 0x0009 ed 4d       RETI
 ? 0x0207 76          HALT
0&gt; <font color="#118811">hist clear</font>
0&gt; <font color="#118811">hist info</font>
len: 100
used: 0
insts: 0
0&gt;
	  </pre>

      </blockquote>
      
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